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کانیها یا مواد معدنی (Minerals) مواد جامدی هستند که در طبیعت یافت میشوند و زنده نیستند. اتمهای تشکیل دهنده یک ماده معدنی برای تشکیل یک کریستال به هم متصل میشوند. ترکیب شیمیایی یا انواع اتمها در یک نوع کریستال مشخص، برای هر کریستالی از آن نوع، یکسان است؛ اگرچه ممکن است ناخالصی ها یا ماده ای که …
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